Great Books Definition and Background Great Books in my own Education and in Polyliteracy The Standard Canon of Great Books Principles for Expanding the Canon. The Top 50 greatest nonfiction books of all time determined by 114 lists and articles from various critics, authors and experts. Did you know that you can help us produce ebooks by proofreading just one page a day Go to Distributed Proofreaders. Define stupid. stupid synonyms, stupid pronunciation, stupid translation, English dictionary definition of stupid. Slow to learn. Franco Spanish War 1. Wikipedia. FrancoSpanish War. Memoirs Of Cardinal De Retz' title='Memoirs Of Cardinal De Retz' />La Bataille de Rocroi by Franois Joseph Heim. Date. 19 May 1. 63. November 1. 65. 92. Location. Northern, Eastern and Southern France, Northern Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, Italy, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea. Result. Treaty of the Pyrenees. Territorialchanges. French Flanders, Roussillon and Perpignan annexed by France. Belligerents. Commanders and leaders. Casualties and losses. Unknown. The Franco Spanish War 1. French involvement in the Thirty Years War. After the German allies of Sweden were forced to seek terms with the Holy Roman Empire, the first French minister, Cardinal Richelieu, declared war on Spain because French territory was surrounded by Habsburg territories. The conflict was a continuation of the aims of the War of the Mantuan Succession 1. France invaded northern Italy to take possession of territory claimed by the Spanish Habsburgs. The Franco Spanish War ended inconclusively in 1. Treaty of the Pyrenees. BackgroundeditFor years, the Kingdom of France, under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, had been the rival of the House of Habsburg, whose two branches ruled the Holy Roman Empire and Spain, respectively. For much of the 1. France faced Habsburg territory on three sides the Spanish Netherlands to the north, the Franche Comt on its eastern border, and Spain to the south. The Habsburgs thus stood in the way of French territorial expansion, and France faced the possibility of invasion from multiple sides. France therefore sought to weaken Habsburg control over its possessions. During the Thirty Years War, in which various Protestant forces battled Imperial armies, France provided subsidies to the enemies of the Habsburgs. France generously financed the Swedish invasion of the Empire after 1. After a period of extraordinary success, the Swedish led Protestant forces were decisively defeated in 1. Catholic Imperial Spanish army in the Battle of Nrdlingen, leading many of Swedens allies to defect to the Imperial side. Although Sweden itself continued to fight, it was seriously weakened. Seeking to ensure that its major ally remained in the war and ensure an outcome favourable to France, the First Minister of France, Cardinal Richelieu, decided in 1. Spain. During the Thirty Years War 1. The open war with Spain started with a promising victory for the French at Les Avins in 1. Franco Dutch assault on the Spanish Netherlands. But after defeating the Franco Dutch invasions, the Spanish forces under Cardinal Infante Ferdinand of Austria hit back with devastating lightning campaigns in northern France the following year, leaving French forces reeling. The Spanish looked set to invade Paris just as their vast commitments forced them to suspend their aggressions. The lull in the Spanish attacks gave the French a chance to regroup and force the Spanish back towards the northern border. They also sent forces through Lorraine into Alsace to cut the Spanish Road, the vital supply line connecting the Spanish Netherlands to Spain through the Mediterranean port of Genoa. In 1. 64. 0 internal political tensions caused by the burden of the Thirty Years War led to simultaneous revolts in Catalonia and Portugal against the Spanish Habsburgs. Spain was now fighting two major wars of secession in addition to a great international conflict the total collapse of the Spanish Empire appeared imminent. The institutions of Catalonia proclaimed the Catalan Republic allied with France in January 1. In 1. 64. 3, the French defeated one of Spains best armies at Rocroi, northern France the myth of Spanish invincibility was at an end. During the last decade of the Thirty Years War, the Spanish forces in the Spanish Netherlands were sandwiched between French and Dutch forces. The French won a major victory at Lens, but Franco Dutch forces could not decisively crush the embattled Army of Flanders. When the peace treaty was negotiated, France insisted upon Spain being excluded, but the demand was rejected by other parties to the talks. In the Peace of Westphalia, France gained territory in the Alsace, thus interrupting the Spanish Road. At the signing of the treaty, Spain recognized the independence of the Dutch republic but gave up little else indeed the Spanish had to be paid to leave positions they had seized on the Rhine. In Italy, France fought with the more or less reluctant support of its client state Piedmont against the Spanish in the Duchy of Milan. Confusion was added from 1. Piedmontese Civil War. The siege of Turin in 1. Franco Spanish conflict. In 1. French fleet commanded by Jean Armand de Maill Brz 1. October 1. 61. 9 1. June 1. 64. 6 was defeated in Battle of Orbetello, and the army it was sent to support was repulsed by Spains Tuscanpresidios Milan remained firmly under Spanish dominance. Later War 1. 64. In 1. France, known as the Fronde. Civil war continued until 1. At the conclusion of the Fronde, the whole country, weary of anarchy and disgusted with the nobles, came to look to the kings party as the party of order and settled government, and thus the Fronde prepared the way for the absolutism of Louis XIV. The general war that had been initiated by the French nobles continued in Flanders, Catalonia and Italy, wherever a Spanish and a French garrison were face to face, and Cond, with the wreck of his army, openly and definitely entered the service of the king of Spain. This Spanish Fronde was almost purely a military affair and, except for a few outstanding incidents, dull to boot. Along with this uprising, Spain was also fighting in Italy and still battling the revolt in Portugal and the French backed Catalan Revolt. The Spanish focused their main efforts on recovering the Principality of Catalonia and various Italian territories for strategic reasons, which helped the Portuguese to consolidate their rebellion. In Italy, the war along the border between Piedmont and the Spanish held Duchy of Milan continued. Twice, in 1. 64. 71. France managed to open a second front against Milan by gaining the alliance of Francesco I dEste, Duke of Modena, but this never achieved the desired result of breaking the Spanish defence. In the south, the Neapolitan revolt collapsed, and the French forces backing it were driven out by the Spanish army and naval forces in 1. However, a Franco Portuguese fleet captured Piombino and Porto Longone, which encouraged the Duke of Modena to become allied with the French Crown and gave the French a new base for operations against the Spanish in the Italian peninsula. Practically every French campaign in Italy during the war was intended to cut the Spanish Road, but all failed. The French, weakened by the Fronde, were unable to hold Catalonia against reconquest by the Spanish forces the French cause was undermined when the Catalans discovered that the French were even more overbearing than their former Spanish Habsburg masters, and many switched their loyalty back to the chastened regime in Madrid. Taking advantage of French divisions, Spanish forces, under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, sallied forth from the Netherlands on two occasions the first met a spirited defence assisted by local peasantry the second successfully seized several northern French forts in FebruaryMarch 1. Browse By Title M Project Gutenbergby Jrnefelt, Arvidby Juva, Valterby Variousby Sinclair, Uptonby Rauhala, K. N. by Jrnefelt, Arvidby Kataja, Vinby Kataja, Vinby Leino, Einoby Hauvonen, Nikodemusby Reuter, Fritzby Cajander, Paavo Emilby Topelius, Zachariasby Siljo, Juhaniby Hostrup, Jens Christianby Trmnen, C. 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